Voice-Active Passive Voice English Grammar Class 10th Rbse Board Exam|Target Classes Nohar

Learn Passive Voice in English Grammar with easy rules, tense-wise chart, examples, and RBSE 10th board questions — only on Target Classes Nohar.

 Definition (परिभाषा):  जब Subject (कर्ता) के बजाय Object (कर्म) पर ज़ोर दिया जाता है, तो वाक्य Passive Voice में होता है।

 Active Voice: जब Subject काम करता है।
 Passive Voice: जब Subject पर काम किया जाता है।

 Structure (रचना):

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Indefinite	S + V₁ + O	O + is/am/are + V₃ + by + S
Present Continuous	S + is/am/are + V₁+ing + O	O + is/am/are + being + V₃ + by + S
Present Perfect	S + has/have + V₃ + O	O + has/have + been + V₃ + by + S
Past Indefinite	S + V₂ + O	O + was/were + V₃ + by + S
Past Continuous	S + was/were + V₁+ing + O	O + was/were + being + V₃ + by + S
Past Perfect	S + had + V₃ + O	O + had + been + V₃ + by + S
Future Indefinite	S + will/shall + V₁ + O	O + will/shall + be + V₃ + by + S
Future Perfect	S + will/shall + have + V₃ + O	O + will/shall + have been + V₃ + by + S

 How to Change Active → Passive (बदलने का तरीका):

1. Object को Subject बना दो।
2. Verb को उसके Past Participle (V₃) रूप में बदलो।
3. Helping Verb (is, am, are, was, were, been, being, be) का प्रयोग करो।
4. Subject को “by” के साथ अंत में लिखो।

 Examples (उदाहरण):

1. Present Indefinite

• Active: Ram writes a letter.
• Passive: A letter is written by Ram.

2. Present Continuous

• Active: She is reading a book.
• Passive: A book is being read by her.

3. Present Perfect

• Active: They have finished the work.
• Passive: The work has been finished by them.

4. Past Indefinite

• Active: He killed a snake.
• Passive: A snake was killed by him.

5. Past Continuous

• Active: The boys were playing football.
• Passive: Football was being played by the boys.

6. Past Perfect

• Active: She had cleaned the room.
• Passive: The room had been cleaned by her.

7. Future Indefinite

• Active: Mohan will help Raju.
• Passive: Raju will be helped by Mohan.

8. Future Perfect

• Active: They will have completed the project.
• Passive: The project will have been completed by them.

 Important Points (महत्वपूर्ण बातें):

1. Only transitive verbs (जिनके बाद object आता है) का ही passive बनता है।
2. Intransitive verbs (जिनके बाद object नहीं आता) का passive नहीं बनता।
• ❌ He sleeps. → Passive नहीं बनेगा।
3. ‘By’ का प्रयोग हमेशा subject से पहले होता है।
4. Pronouns बदल जाते हैं:
• I → me, we → us, he → him, she → her, they → them, you → you.

Note-    Transitive Verb = Verb + Object (कर्म)
बिना Object के अर्थ अधूरा रह जाएगा।

 He eats. ❌ (अधूरा अर्थ)
 He eats an apple. ✅ (पूरा अर्थ)

Intransitive Verb का Passive Voice नहीं बनता।

क्योंकि इनके पास कोई object नहीं होता।

• He sleeps. → ❌ (No object → can’t change to passive)
• She goes. → ❌ (No object → can’t change to passive)

 

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 Common Passive Forms:

• People say that… → It is said that…
• They believe that… → It is believed that…
• Someone has stolen my bag. → My bag has been stolen.

Passive Voice – Tense Wise with 10 Examples (Class 10 RBSE)

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 1. Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)

Structure:
 Active: S + V₁ + O
 Passive: O + is/am/are + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Ram helps me.	I am helped by Ram.
2. She writes a letter.	A letter is written by her.
3. They play cricket.	Cricket is played by them.
4. He teaches English.	English is taught by him.
5. We make tea.	Tea is made by us.
6. The boy cleans the room.	The room is cleaned by the boy.
7. I read a story.	A story is read by me.
8. The girls sing a song.	A song is sung by the girls.
9. You open the door.	The door is opened by you.
10. He washes the clothes.	The clothes are washed by him.

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 2. Present Continuous Tense

Structure:
 Active: S + is/am/are + V₁+ing + O
 Passive: O + is/am/are + being + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. She is reading a book.	A book is being read by her.
2. He is writing a letter.	A letter is being written by him.
3. They are watching TV.	TV is being watched by them.
4. We are doing our homework.	Our homework is being done by us.
5. I am learning English.	English is being learned by me.
6. The teacher is teaching us.	We are being taught by the teacher.
7. The boys are playing football.	Football is being played by the boys.
8. He is repairing the car.	The car is being repaired by him.
9. You are making tea.	Tea is being made by you.
10. She is cooking food.	Food is being cooked by her.

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 3. Present Perfect Tense

Structure:
 Active: S + has/have + V₃ + O
 Passive: O + has/have + been + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He has written a letter.	A letter has been written by him.
2. They have done their work.	Their work has been done by them.
3. She has cooked the food.	The food has been cooked by her.
4. We have finished our homework.	Our homework has been finished by us.
5. I have bought a car.	A car has been bought by me.
6. The teacher has punished the boy.	The boy has been punished by the teacher.
7. They have opened the door.	The door has been opened by them.
8. He has cleaned the room.	The room has been cleaned by him.
9. She has decorated the house.	The house has been decorated by her.
10. We have repaired the cycle.	The cycle has been repaired by us.

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 4. Past Indefinite Tense (Simple Past)

Structure:
 Active: S + V₂ + O
 Passive: O + was/were + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He wrote a letter.	A letter was written by him.
2. They played cricket.	Cricket was played by them.
3. She cleaned the room.	The room was cleaned by her.
4. We watched a movie.	A movie was watched by us.
5. The teacher taught us.	We were taught by the teacher.
6. The boy broke the glass.	The glass was broken by the boy.
7. He opened the door.	The door was opened by him.
8. I helped him.	He was helped by me.
9. They built a house.	A house was built by them.
10. She sang a song.	A song was sung by her.

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 5. Past Continuous Tense

Structure:
 Active: S + was/were + V₁+ing + O
 Passive: O + was/were + being + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. She was cooking food.	Food was being cooked by her.
2. He was reading a story.	A story was being read by him.
3. They were playing cricket.	Cricket was being played by them.
4. We were writing letters.	Letters were being written by us.
5. I was learning English.	English was being learned by me.
6. The teacher was teaching the students.	The students were being taught by the teacher.
7. The man was repairing the car.	The car was being repaired by the man.
8. He was painting the wall.	The wall was being painted by him.
9. They were watching TV.	TV was being watched by them.
10. She was washing the clothes.	The clothes were being washed by her.

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 6. Past Perfect Tense

Structure:
 Active: S + had + V₃ + O
 Passive: O + had + been + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He had finished the work.	The work had been finished by him.
2. She had cleaned the room.	The room had been cleaned by her.
3. They had repaired the car.	The car had been repaired by them.
4. We had read the story.	The story had been read by us.
5. I had written a letter.	A letter had been written by me.
6. The boy had broken the glass.	The glass had been broken by the boy.
7. He had cooked the food.	The food had been cooked by him.
8. They had completed the project.	The project had been completed by them.
9. We had learned the lesson.	The lesson had been learned by us.
10. She had decorated the house.	The house had been decorated by her.

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 7. Future Indefinite Tense (Simple Future)

Structure:
 Active: S + will/shall + V₁ + O
 Passive: O + will/shall + be + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He will help me.	I will be helped by him.
2. She will write a letter.	A letter will be written by her.
3. They will build a house.	A house will be built by them.
4. We will play football.	Football will be played by us.
5. I will buy a car.	A car will be bought by me.
6. The teacher will teach us.	We will be taught by the teacher.
7. They will open the shop.	The shop will be opened by them.
8. He will clean the room.	The room will be cleaned by him.
9. You will learn English.	English will be learned by you.
10. She will cook food.	Food will be cooked by her.

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 8. Future Perfect Tense

Structure:
 Active: S + will/shall + have + V₃ + O
 Passive: O + will/shall + have been + V₃ + by + S

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He will have written a letter.	A letter will have been written by him.
2. They will have finished the work.	The work will have been finished by them.
3. She will have cooked food.	Food will have been cooked by her.
4. We will have done our homework.	Our homework will have been done by us.
5. I will have bought a car.	A car will have been bought by me.
6. The teacher will have taught us.	We will have been taught by the teacher.
7. He will have repaired the bike.	The bike will have been repaired by him.
8. They will have completed the project.	The project will have been completed by them.
9. You will have cleaned the room.	The room will have been cleaned by you.
10. She will have opened the window.	The window will have been opened by her.

Passive Voice with Question Words (Wh-Questions)

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Rule (नियम):

 जब वाक्य Wh-word (who, what, when, where, why, which, how) से शुरू होता है और Active Voice में हो,
तो Passive Voice बनाते समय ये कदम अपनाएँ 👇

1.      Object को Subject बना दो।

2.      Verb को उसके Past Participle (V₃) रूप में बदलो।

3.      ‘by’ लगाकर Subject को अंत में रखो।

4.      Helping verb (is/am/are/was/were/been/being) का प्रयोग Tense के अनुसार करो।

5.      Wh-word sentence की शुरुआत में वैसा ही रहता है।

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 1. Present Indefinite Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Who teaches you English?	By whom are you taught English?
What do you eat?	What is eaten by you?
Who helps you?	By whom are you helped?
When do they play cricket?	When is cricket played by them?
Why do you like this book?	Why is this book liked by you?
Who makes tea?	By whom is tea made?
What does she write?	What is written by her?
Where do they live?	Where is the house lived in by them? (rare use)
Who washes your clothes?	By whom are your clothes washed?
Which book do you read?	Which book is read by you?

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 2. Past Indefinite Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Who wrote this letter?	By whom was this letter written?
What did you eat yesterday?	What was eaten by you yesterday?
Who helped you?	By whom were you helped?
When did he open the shop?	When was the shop opened by him?
Why did they close the door?	Why was the door closed by them?
Who cleaned the room?	By whom was the room cleaned?
What did she make?	What was made by her?
Who broke the glass?	By whom was the glass broken?
When did you finish the work?	When was the work finished by you?
Why did you punish the boy?	Why was the boy punished by you?

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 3. Future Indefinite Tense

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Who will help you?	By whom will you be helped?
What will you do?	What will be done by you?
Who will write the letter?	By whom will the letter be written?
When will you start the class?	When will the class be started by you?
Why will they close the shop?	Why will the shop be closed by them?
Who will teach us English?	By whom will we be taught English?
What will he make?	What will be made by him?
Who will clean the room?	By whom will the room be cleaned?
When will you complete the project?	When will the project be completed by you?
Why will you punish him?	Why will he be punished by you?

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 Special Case: “Who” → “By whom”

Note- “Who” को हमेशा “By whom” से बदलते हैं passive में।
Example:

·        Who helped you? → By whom were you helped?

·        Who teaches you? → By whom are you taught?

 Board Exam Questions-

1.      Who wrote this letter? → By whom was this letter written?

2.      They are watching a movie. → A movie is being watched by them.

3.      Ram helps the poor. → The poor are helped by Ram.

4.      He had repaired the car. → The car had been repaired by him.

 

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