Sunday, September 14, 2025

Class 10th Poems Notes and RBSE related Important Question|Target Classes Nohar

 

Poem 1 – Dust of Snow (Robert Frost)

1. Summary (सारांश)

  • The poet describes a small incident that changed his mood.
  • A crow sitting on a hemlock tree shook down dust of snow (tiny particles of snow) on him.
  • This simple event suddenly changed his mood from sadness to happiness.
  • He realized that such small experiences of nature can save the day and bring positivity.

 Central Idea: Nature has the power to heal and bring about positive changes, even through small events.

2. Word Meanings

Word

Meaning (Hindi)

Dust of Snow

बर्फ के छोटे-छोटे कण

Hemlock Tree

ज़हरीला पेड़ (death symbol)

Rued

पछताना / खेद होना

Shook down

गिरा दिया

Change of Mood

मनःस्थिति का बदलना

3. Literary Devices

  • Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds – “dust of snow”, “has given my heart”.
  • Imagery: Visual picture of snow falling from a tree.
  • Symbolism:
    • Crow = ill omen / negativity.
    • Hemlock tree = sorrow, poison.
    • Dust of snow = positivity, joy.
  • Irony: Negative things (crow, poisonous tree) bring a positive change.
  • Rhyme Scheme: abab cdcd.

4. Themes

  • Power of nature to change mood.
  • Small incidents can bring big changes.
  • Positivity can come from unexpected sources.

5. Extract Based Questions & Answers

Extract 1

“The way a crow
Shook down on me
The dust of snow
From a hemlock tree.”

  1. Who is the poet of these lines?
    → Robert Frost.
  2. What did the crow shake down on the poet?
    → Dust of snow.
  3. From which tree did the snow fall?
    → Hemlock tree.
  4. How did the incident affect the poet?
    → It changed his mood positively.
  5. What is the rhyme scheme of the stanza?
    → abab.

Extract 2

“Has given my heart
A change of mood
And saved some part
Of a day I had rued.”

  1. What change did the dust of snow bring?
    → It changed the poet’s mood from sadness to cheerfulness.
  2. Which word means “regretted”?
    → Rued.
  3. How did the incident save his day?
    → It removed regret and filled him with positivity.
  4. Why had the poet rued the day?
    → Because he was in a gloomy and hopeless mood earlier.
  5. Which figure of speech is used in “Has given my heart / A change of mood”?
    → Metaphor.

6. Short Answer Questions

  1. What is the central idea of the poem?
    → Small incidents in nature can change our mood and save the day from gloom.
  2. Which incident changed the poet’s mood?
    → A crow shook snow from a hemlock tree on him.
  3. Why did the poet feel the rest of the day was saved?
    → Because his sadness turned into joy and his day was no longer wasted.
  4. What lesson does the poet give through this poem?
    → We should value small moments of happiness that can change our outlook.
  5. What is the symbolic meaning of ‘dust of snow’?
    → It symbolizes small joyful moments that refresh life.

7. Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain how a small incident changes the poet’s mood in the poem.
    → The poet was in a sad and regretful mood. But a small incident of a crow shaking snow on him changed his mood. He realized that life is full of surprises and even small events can bring positivity.
  2. How does the poet use negative symbols to convey a positive message?
    → The crow and hemlock tree are negative symbols. Yet, they brought a positive change in the poet’s life. This shows that even unpleasant things can sometimes bring joy.
  3. What message does Robert Frost convey in the poem?
    → The message is that nature has the power to heal and refresh. Even ordinary events can change our outlook and teach us to stay positive.
  4. Why is the poem optimistic in tone?
    → Because it ends on a hopeful note: the poet’s regretful day was saved and transformed into a happy one.

 

Poem 2: Fire and Ice – Robert Frost

1. Summary (सारांश)

The poem talks about the possible ways in which the world may end.

  • Some people say the world will end in fire (symbol of desire, greed, hatred, lust).
  • Others say it will end in ice (symbol of coldness, indifference, jealousy).
  • The poet agrees with both. He believes that human emotions like desire and hatred are powerful enough to destroy the world.
  • In short, uncontrolled passions and cold indifference are equally dangerous for humanity.

👉 Central Idea: The poem warns against extreme emotions — both burning desires and cold hatred — as they can destroy the world.

2. Difficult Words – Meanings

Word

Meaning (Hindi)

Perish

नष्ट होना / नाश होना

Favour

समर्थन / पक्ष लेना

Desire

इच्छा, लालसा

Ice

ठंडापन, घृणा, नफ़रत

Fire

जलन, लालच, क्रोध

3. Literary Devices

  • Symbolism:
    • Fire = Desire, lust, greed, anger.
    • Ice = Hatred, jealousy, coldness.
  • Alliteration: “Some say”, “world will”
  • Imagery: Fire burning, ice freezing — clear pictures in mind.
  • Enjambment: Sentences continue to next line without pause.
  • Antithesis: Fire vs. Ice (opposite ideas).

4. Themes

  • Human emotions can destroy the world.
  • Extremes of passion (fire) and hatred (ice) are equally destructive.
  • Warning to humanity against uncontrolled desires and cold indifference.

5. Important Questions & Answers

Extract Based

Extract 1:
“Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.”

  1. Who is the poet of these lines?
    → Robert Frost.
  2. What does ‘fire’ symbolize?
    → Desire, greed, lust, anger.
  3. What does ‘ice’ symbolize?
    → Hatred, jealousy, coldness.
  4. What are the two opinions about the end of the world?
    → Some say in fire, some say in ice.

Extract 2:
“From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.”

  1. Which emotion does the poet favour?
    → Fire (desire).
  2. What has the poet experienced?
    → Desire and passion.
  3. Why does he agree with those who believe in fire?
    → Because he has felt the destructive nature of desire.

Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

  1. What are the two destructive forces described in the poem?
    → Fire (desire, greed) and Ice (hatred, indifference).
  2. What does the poet say about human desires?
    → They are endless, uncontrolled, and can lead to destruction of the world.
  3. How is ice equally powerful to destroy the world?
    → Ice stands for hatred and coldness of heart, which can destroy human relations and ultimately the world.
  4. Which side does the poet favour—fire or ice? Why?
    → He favours fire because he has experienced the destructive force of desire.
  5. What is the message of the poem?
    → Extreme emotions like desire and hatred are harmful and can destroy life.

Long Answer Questions (100–120 words)

  1. Explain the symbolic meaning of ‘Fire and Ice’.
    → Fire stands for strong human desires like lust, anger, greed, and passion. Ice stands for hatred, jealousy, and coldness of human heart. Both are equally powerful in destroying human life and the world.
  2. Which destruction does the poet support? Why?
    → The poet supports fire because he has tasted desire. He knows how it can burn and ruin life. However, he also admits that ice (hatred) is equally strong to bring destruction.
  3. What warning does Robert Frost give in this poem?
    → The poet warns mankind that if we do not control our desires (fire) and hatred (ice), they will surely lead to the end of the world. The poem is a reminder to control emotions and live with balance.
  4. How is the poem relevant to the modern world?
    → Today’s world suffers from greed, violence, and increasing hatred. Wars, jealousy, and selfishness are destroying peace. The poem is relevant as it shows how human emotions can lead to global destruction if not controlled.

Poem 3 – A Tiger in the Zoo (By Leslie Norris)

1. Summary (सारांश)

The poem contrasts a tiger’s life in a zoo and in the jungle.

  • In the zoo, the tiger is locked behind bars. He moves quietly and angrily in his cage. His strength is wasted because he cannot hunt.
  • He feels helpless, trapped, and angry but cannot express it.
  • In contrast, in the jungle, he would have been free: moving in tall grass, hunting deer, and roaring near villages.
  • The poet highlights the difference between freedom and captivity.

👉 Central Idea: The poem emphasizes the cruelty of keeping wild animals in cages and the need for freedom in their natural habitat.

2. Word Meanings

Word

Meaning (Hindi)

Lurking

छिपकर बैठना

Shadow

परछाईं

Plump

मोटा / गोल-मटोल

Rage

गुस्सा

Stalking

धीरे-धीरे शिकार का पीछा करना

Snarling

दाँत दिखाकर गुर्राना

Ignoring

ध्यान न देना

3. Literary Devices

  • Imagery: Visual description of tiger in cage and jungle.
  • Contrast: Life in zoo vs. life in jungle.
  • Alliteration: “He stalks in his silent stride.”
  • Personification: Tiger is shown with human feelings (rage, ignoring).
  • Rhyme Scheme: Each stanza follows abcb.

4. Themes

  • Freedom vs. Captivity.
  • Cruelty of humans towards animals.
  • Natural rights of wild animals.
  • Helplessness of the caged tiger.

5. Extract Based Questions & Answers

Extract 1

“He stalks in his vivid stripes
The few steps of his cage,
On pads of velvet quiet,
In his quiet rage.”

  1. Who is ‘he’ in these lines?
    → The tiger.
  2. Where is the tiger?
    → In a cage at the zoo.
  3. What does ‘quiet rage’ mean?
    → Silent anger due to captivity.
  4. What does ‘pads of velvet’ refer to?
    → The soft paws of the tiger.

Extract 2

“He should be lurking in shadow,
Sliding through long grass
Near the water hole,
Where plump deer pass.”

  1. Where should the tiger be according to the poet?
    → In the jungle, hiding in the grass.
  2. Why is he lurking near the water hole?
    → To hunt plump deer.
  3. What does this stanza show?
    → The tiger’s natural life in the jungle.

Extract 3

“He hears the last voice at night,
The patrolling cars,
And stares with his brilliant eyes
At the brilliant stars.”

  1. Whose voice does the tiger hear?
    → The noise of patrolling cars at night.
  2. What does the tiger do in the cage at night?
    → He stares at the stars with his shining eyes.
  3. What does this show about the tiger?
    → His loneliness and helplessness.

6. Short Answer Questions (30–40 words)

  1. How does the tiger behave in the cage?
    → He moves slowly and angrily in his cage, showing silent rage.
  2. What would the tiger do if he were free in the jungle?
    → He would lurk in the shadows, stalk deer, and roam freely.
  3. What is the tiger’s attitude towards humans in the poem?
    → He ignores humans and their houses because he feels helpless in his cage.
  4. How does the poet describe the tiger at night?
    → At night, he hears patrolling cars and stares at the shining stars.
  5. Why does the poet contrast the tiger’s life in the zoo with that in the jungle?
    → To show the cruelty of captivity and the importance of freedom for animals.

7. Long Answer Questions (100–120 words)

  1. Describe the difference between the tiger’s life in the zoo and in the jungle.
    → In the zoo, the tiger is trapped in a small cage. He walks angrily but silently. He cannot hunt or show his strength. In contrast, in the jungle, he would be free. He would stalk deer near the water hole, roam in the forest, and roar near villages. The poem shows the difference between captivity and freedom.
  2. What message does the poet convey in “A Tiger in the Zoo”?
    → The poet conveys that wild animals should not be caged. They belong in their natural habitat. The poem highlights the cruelty of humans who restrict their freedom. It teaches us to respect the rights of animals.
  3. How does the poet use contrast in the poem?
    → The poet contrasts the tiger’s helpless life in a cage with his powerful life in the jungle. The tiger in the zoo is angry and helpless, but in the jungle, he is free and majestic. This contrast makes the message stronger.
  4. Do you think zoos are cruel places for wild animals? Give reasons with reference to the poem.
    → Yes, zoos are cruel because they limit freedom. In the poem, the tiger cannot hunt, run, or live naturally. He spends his life in anger and helplessness. Animals deserve to live freely in nature, not in cages.

Poem 3 – A Tiger in the Zoo (By Leslie Norris)

Summary (in English)

The poem describes the contrast between a tiger in a zoo and a tiger in its natural habitat.
The tiger in the cage looks powerless, quiet, and helpless, walking in limited space with shining eyes full of anger. He is not free to hunt and kill but locked behind bars.
On the other hand, if he were free in the forest, he would chase deer and terrify villagers with his strength.
The poem shows the cruelty of keeping wild animals in captivity and highlights the difference between freedom and imprisonment.

Word Meanings

  1. Lurking – hidden, waiting secretly (घात लगाए हुए)
  2. Vivid – clear, bright (स्पष्ट, चमकीला)
  3. Rage – anger (क्रोध)
  4. Stalking – following secretly (पीछा करना)
  5. Snarling – growling (गरजना)
  6. Patrolling – guarding (पहरा देना)
  7. Concrete cell – cage of cement (सीमेंट का पिंजरा)
  8. Quiet rage – silent anger (मूक क्रोध)
  9. Strength behind bars – power locked in the cage (कैद की शक्ति)

Literary Devices

  1. Metaphor – "Bars" represent imprisonment.
  2. Alliteration – "Stalking the length of his cage" (repetition of ‘s’ sound).
  3. Personification – Tiger is given human qualities (anger, strength, rage).
  4. Imagery – Vivid description of tiger in jungle vs. zoo.
  5. Contrast – Freedom (jungle) vs. captivity (zoo).

6.   Important Questions with Answers

7.     

8.   (A) Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

9.      Q1. How does the tiger walk in the cage?
👉 The tiger walks proudly but slowly inside the cage on soft velvet pads. He is full of silent anger.

10.  Q2. What do you understand by “quiet rage” in the poem?
👉 “Quiet rage” means silent anger. The tiger is angry because he is imprisoned but he cannot show his power.

11.  Q3. How does the poet describe the tiger in the jungle?
👉 In the jungle, the tiger is free. He lurks in shadow, slides through long grass, and waits near the water hole to hunt deer.

12.  Q4. Why should the tiger be lurking in shadow?
👉 He should be lurking in shadow to wait secretly for prey, especially deer, in the forest.

13.  Q5. What does the tiger do near the village houses?
👉 The tiger roars near the village houses and frightens the villagers.

14.  Q6. Why is the tiger described as “ignoring visitors”?
👉 The tiger is angry and helpless in the cage. He ignores the visitors because he hates his captivity.

15.  Q7. What message does the poet convey through this poem?
👉 The poet conveys that wild animals should live freely in the jungle. Captivity makes them weak and helpless.

16.  Q8. What do the “brilliant eyes” of the tiger suggest?
👉 The “brilliant eyes” show the tiger’s strength, anger, and natural wildness even in captivity.

17.  Q9. Where does the tiger live in this poem?
👉 The tiger lives in a concrete cell (cage) in the zoo.

18.  Q10. How does the poet contrast the tiger in cage and in forest?
👉 In the cage, the tiger is helpless and angry, while in the forest he is free, powerful, and dangerous.

19. 

20.                   (B) Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

21.  Q1. Write the central idea of the poem “A Tiger in the Zoo”.
👉 The poem shows the contrast between freedom and captivity. The tiger in the zoo is helpless, angry, and unable to use his strength, but in the forest, he is free and powerful. The poet conveys the message that wild animals must live freely in their natural habitat, not in cages.

22.  Q2. How is the tiger’s behavior in the zoo different from his behavior in the jungle?
👉 In the zoo, the tiger is locked in a concrete cell. He can only walk silently with anger in his eyes. He ignores visitors because he hates his imprisonment. In contrast, in the jungle, he is free, strong, and hunts deer. He roars near the village houses and frightens people. Thus, captivity makes him weak, while freedom makes him powerful.

23.  Q3. Explain the feelings of the tiger in the cage.
👉 The tiger feels helpless and angry in the cage. He has lost his freedom and strength. His natural instinct to hunt and roam in the forest is killed. He is full of “quiet rage” but can only walk inside the small cage, showing his silent protest.

24.  Q4. What does the poet want to convey about freedom and captivity in the poem?
👉 The poet wants to convey that freedom is natural and essential for every living being. Captivity makes even the strongest creature powerless. The tiger in the cage is weak, but in the jungle, he is strong. Thus, freedom is life, and captivity is death.

25.  Q5. Compare and contrast the life of the tiger in the zoo and in the forest with examples from the poem.
👉 In the zoo, the tiger is locked in a concrete cell. He has no freedom to hunt or move freely. He walks slowly and ignores the visitors with silent anger. But in the forest, the tiger is free and powerful. He waits near water holes, hunts deer, and frightens villagers by roaring near their houses. The poet shows that captivity makes him helpless, but freedom gives him strength and dignity.

26. 

27.                   (C) Extract Based Questions (Seen Passage)

28.  Extract – 1
“He stalks in his vivid stripes,
The few steps of his cage,
On pads of velvet quiet,
In his quiet rage.”

29.  Q1. Who is ‘he’ in the above lines?
👉 ‘He’ is the tiger.

30.  Q2. What are “vivid stripes”?
👉 Vivid stripes mean the bright black stripes on the tiger’s yellow skin.

31.  Q3. Why is the tiger in “quiet rage”?
👉 The tiger is in quiet rage because he is angry about his imprisonment but cannot express it loudly.

32. 

33.  Extract – 2
“He should be lurking in shadow,
Sliding through long grass,
Near the water hole,
Where plump deer pass.”

34.  Q1. Where should the tiger be lurking?
👉 The tiger should be lurking in the shadow of the forest.

35.  Q2. What should he be waiting for?
👉 He should be waiting for his prey, especially the plump deer.

36.  Q3. What is he actually doing?
👉 He is actually locked in a cage in the zoo.

Poem 4 – How to Tell Wild Animals (By Carolyn Wells)

Summary (in English)

This humorous poem tells us how to identify different wild animals.
The poet explains, if a huge beast comes to eat you, it is an Asian Lion.
If you see a beast with black stripes on yellow skin that kills you, it is a Bengal Tiger.
If you are hugged very tightly, it is a Bear.
If you see an animal that laughs, it is a Hyena.
If you meet a creature that weeps, it is a Crocodile.
Finally, if you see a small beast that comes to meet you politely, it is the Chameleon because it changes color and has no ears or wings.

The poem is full of fun, but it also gives knowledge about wild animals.

Word Meanings

  1. Beware – सावधान रहना
  2. Noble – महान, शाही
  3. Roar – दहाड़ना
  4. Hug – गले लगाना
  5. Chameleon – गिरगिट
  6. Hyena – लकड़बग्घा
  7. Crocodile – मगरमच्छ
  8. Distinguished – पहचानने योग्य
  9. Weep – रोना

Literary Devices

  1. Humour – The poem is funny and entertaining.
  2. Alliteration – Repetition of sound (e.g., “He’ll hug you very, very tight”).
  3. Irony – Death is described humorously (e.g., “’Tis the Asian Lion, … if he eats you”).
  4. Imagery – Clear pictures of animals (lion, tiger, bear, etc.).
  5. Rhyme Scheme – aabb in each stanza.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. How can you recognize the Asian Lion?
👉 If a large and tawny (yellowish-brown) beast roars at you and kills you, it is an Asian Lion.

Q2. What is the special feature of the Bengal Tiger?
👉 The Bengal Tiger is yellow in color with black stripes. It kills its prey suddenly.

Q3. How does the bear kill a person?
👉 The bear does not kill but hugs a person very tightly, which can be dangerous.

Q4. How can you recognize a crocodile?
👉 A crocodile can be recognized by its habit of shedding false tears while eating its prey.

Q5. What does the chameleon look like?
👉 A chameleon looks like a lizard. It changes its color and has no ears or wings.

Q6. How can you recognize a hyena?
👉 A hyena can be recognized by its habit of laughing.

Q7. What is the central idea of the poem?
👉 The poet humorously explains how to recognize wild animals. The poem mixes fun with knowledge.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. Describe the different animals mentioned in the poem.
👉 The poet describes six animals in a humorous way.

  • The Asian Lion is large, tawny, and roars loudly.
  • The Bengal Tiger is yellow with black stripes and kills instantly.
  • The Bear hugs tightly.
  • The Hyena laughs.
  • The Crocodile weeps falsely while eating.
  • The Chameleon looks like a lizard and changes color.

Q2. How does the poet make the poem humorous?
👉 The poet creates humour by describing dangerous animals in a funny way. Instead of showing fear, she explains their killing habits jokingly. For example, the lion eats you, the tiger kills you, the bear hugs you to death. This mixture of danger and humour makes the poem entertaining.

Q3. What is the message of the poem?
👉 The poet gives knowledge about wild animals but in a playful and humorous manner. The message is that we can learn serious things (like animals’ features) in an enjoyable way.

Poem 5 – The Ball Poem (By John Berryman)

Summary (in English)

The poem is about a little boy who loses his ball while playing. The ball goes into the water and cannot be recovered. The boy feels very sad because he had a personal attachment to the ball.

The poet says this loss teaches the boy an important lesson of life – one day everyone loses something or someone dear to them. Money cannot replace feelings or true attachment. The boy must learn to accept the loss and move forward in life.

The central idea of the poem is that loss is a part of life, and we must learn to cope with it with patience and courage.

Word Meanings

  1. Ball – खिलौना गेंद
  2. Harbour – बंदरगाह
  3. Staring – टकटकी लगाना
  4. Trembling – काँपना
  5. Rigid – सख्त, अडिग
  6. Desperate – निराश
  7. Epistemology of loss – हानि का ज्ञान (learning about loss)

Literary Devices

  1. Imagery – Picture of the boy staring at the lost ball.
  2. Personification – Ball represents childhood memories.
  3. Alliteration – “ball bouncing” (repetition of ‘b’ sound).
  4. Symbolism – Ball = childhood happiness, memories, innocence.
  5. Repetition – Word “ball” is repeated to emphasize loss.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. What happened to the boy’s ball?
👉 The boy’s ball bounced into the water of the harbour and was lost.

Q2. Why was the boy so sad?
👉 The boy was sad because he had a strong emotional attachment to the ball, and he realized it could not be replaced.

Q3. What does the poet say about money in this poem?
👉 The poet says that money is useless in such cases. Money can buy a new ball but cannot buy lost feelings or memories.

Q4. What lesson does the boy learn from the loss of his ball?
👉 The boy learns the lesson of loss – that one must accept losing things in life and move forward.

Q5. What does the ball in the poem symbolize?
👉 The ball symbolizes the boy’s childhood, happiness, and innocence.

Q6. What is the central idea of the poem?
👉 The central idea is that loss is an essential part of life, and one must accept it with courage.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. What is the message of the poem “The Ball Poem”?
👉 The message of the poem is that everyone experiences loss in life. It may be of possessions, relationships, or loved ones. The poet teaches that loss cannot be replaced by money, and one must accept reality with patience. This is the way of growing up in life.

Q2. How does the boy react to the loss of the ball?
👉 The boy becomes very sad and hopeless. He stares at the lost ball and trembles with grief. He feels that a part of his childhood is gone. Slowly, he begins to learn that loss is a part of life and he must move on.

Q3. Explain the symbolism of the ball in the poem.
👉 The ball symbolizes childhood happiness, memories, and innocence. Losing the ball means losing a part of his childhood. It shows that when we grow up, we lose many things, but we must accept these losses as a natural part of life.

Poem 6 – Amanda! (By Robin Klein)

Summary (in English)

The poem shows the conflict between a young girl Amanda and her parents (or elders).
Amanda is constantly instructed, corrected, and scolded:

  • not to bite her nails,
  • not to hunch her shoulders,
  • not to eat chocolate (acne problem),
  • to sit properly,
  • to do homework, etc.

Amanda feels irritated and imagines herself in a world of freedom:

  • She imagines being a mermaid in the sea,
  • a lonely orphan wandering freely,
  • and a princess in a tower like Rapunzel.

The poem reflects a child’s desire for freedom, peace, and self-expression, which is often restricted by parents’ constant instructions.

Word Meanings

  1. Hunch – bend (झुकना)
  2. Slouching – sitting lazily (ढीला बैठना)
  3. Acne – pimples (मुहाँसे)
  4. Mermaid – a sea-girl with a fish tail (जलपरी)
  5. Languid – relaxed, calm (शांत)
  6. Orphan – a child without parents (अनाथ)
  7. Rapunzel – a fairytale character locked in a tower
  8. Nagging – continuous scolding (लगातार डाँटना)

Literary Devices

  1. Alliteration – “Stop that slouching and sit up straight.”
  2. Imagery – picture of mermaid, orphan, Rapunzel.
  3. Repetition – “Amanda!” repeated for emphasis.
  4. Contrast – Reality (parents’ instructions) vs. Amanda’s imagination.
  5. Irony – Parents want to care, but Amanda feels imprisoned.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. What is Amanda being instructed for in the poem?
👉 Amanda is instructed not to bite nails, not to slouch, to sit straight, to do homework, and not to eat chocolates.

Q2. Why does Amanda want to be a mermaid?
👉 Amanda wants to be a mermaid because a mermaid is free and lives calmly in the sea, away from restrictions.

Q3. Why does Amanda wish to be an orphan?
👉 Amanda wishes to be an orphan so that she can live freely without anyone scolding or instructing her.

Q4. Who was Rapunzel? Why does Amanda mention her?
👉 Rapunzel was a character from a fairy tale who lived alone in a tower. Amanda mentions her because she also wants to live peacefully and undisturbed like Rapunzel.

Q5. What does Amanda’s behavior show?
👉 Amanda’s behavior shows her desire for freedom, independence, and peace from continuous nagging.

Q6. What is the central idea of the poem?
👉 The central idea is that children need freedom and space for imagination. Excessive restrictions irritate them and kill their creativity.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. Write the character sketch of Amanda.
👉 Amanda is a young girl who feels restricted by her parents’ constant instructions. She loves freedom and imagines herself as a mermaid, an orphan, and Rapunzel. This shows that she is creative, imaginative, and desires peace.

Q2. How does Amanda react to her parents’ instructions?
👉 Amanda reacts by escaping into her imaginary world. Instead of replying, she dreams of living like a mermaid, an orphan, or Rapunzel. This shows her silent protest against restrictions.

Q3. What message does the poem “Amanda!” give?
👉 The poem gives the message that children should not be constantly nagged or restricted. They must be given space, freedom, and encouragement for creativity. Parents’ over-care may harm a child’s individuality.

Poem 7 – Animals (By Walt Whitman)

Summary (in English)

In this poem, the poet Walt Whitman expresses his deep love and admiration for animals. He feels that animals are better than human beings because:

  • They are calm and self-contained.
  • They do not complain about life.
  • They are satisfied and content with what they have.
  • They never worship other animals or run after wealth.
  • They show honesty, simplicity, and equality.

The poet says humans have lost these qualities because of greed, pride, and materialism. He wishes to live with animals and learn from them.

Central Idea – The poem highlights the superiority of animals over humans in terms of simplicity, contentment, and honesty.

Word Meanings

  1. Placidity – calmness (शांत स्वभाव)
  2. Self-contained – independent (स्वतंत्र, आत्मनिर्भर)
  3. Whine – complain (रोना-धोना)
  4. Evince – show clearly (प्रकट करना)
  5. Token – sign, symbol (निशानी)
  6. Negligence – carelessness (लापरवाही)
  7. Demented – mad, crazy (पागलपन)
  8. Manifold – many kinds (कई प्रकार)

Literary Devices

  1. Repetition – “I stand and look at them long and long.”
  2. Imagery – description of animals’ calmness and honesty.
  3. Contrast – Animals vs. Humans.
  4. Symbolism – Animals = innocence and honesty, Humans = greed and corruption.
  5. Alliteration – “So placid and self-contained.”

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. Why does the poet like animals?
👉 The poet likes animals because they are calm, self-contained, and content.

Q2. What qualities of animals attract the poet?
👉 Their simplicity, honesty, equality, and lack of complaints attract the poet.

Q3. What do humans do that animals do not?
👉 Humans complain, run after wealth, show greed, and worship others, but animals never do such things.

Q4. What does the poet mean by “tokens” in the poem?
👉 “Tokens” means the signs of true qualities like innocence and honesty which humans once had but lost.

Q5. What is the central idea of the poem “Animals”?
👉 The central idea is that animals are superior to humans in terms of peace, simplicity, and honesty. Humans should learn these qualities from animals.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. What difference does the poet draw between animals and human beings?
👉 According to the poet, animals are calm, satisfied, and honest, while humans are greedy, restless, and full of complaints. Humans run after wealth and show false pride, but animals live a simple and natural life.

Q2. Why does the poet want to live with animals?
👉 The poet wants to live with animals because they are peaceful and self-contained. They do not fight for money or status, and they live happily in nature. The poet feels animals still possess the qualities that humans have lost.

Q3. What message does Walt Whitman convey in the poem?
👉 The poet conveys that animals are morally superior to humans. Humans should give up their greed, pride, and falsehood, and live a simple, honest, and peaceful life like animals.

Poem 8 – The Trees (By Adrienne Rich)

Summary (in English)

This poem describes how trees, which have been cut and kept inside houses, try to move out into the forest again.
The poet says that:

  • Trees kept indoors cannot grow freely.
  • They make efforts to go outside into their natural habitat.
  • Their roots, leaves, and branches try to break open the walls, glass, and doors of the house.
  • At night, trees move out silently into the open air and forests.

The poet herself sits inside the house and feels their movement.

Central Idea – The poem symbolizes the desire for freedom and natural growth. Just like trees cannot grow inside houses, human beings also need freedom and natural surroundings to grow.

Word Meanings

  1. Whispering – speaking softly (धीरे से बोलना)
  2. Strain – force, struggle (तनाव, जोर लगाना)
  3. Crumpled – wrinkled, crushed (मुड़ा-तुड़ा)
  4. Twigs – small branches (टहनियाँ)
  5. Lacerations – cuts, wounds (घाव)
  6. Odours – smells (सुगंध/गंध)
  7. Glass is breaking – symbol of restriction breaking
  8. Forest – natural home of trees

Literary Devices

  1. Personification – Trees are given human qualities (struggling, moving).
  2. Imagery – Clear picture of roots, leaves, branches trying to escape.
  3. Symbolism – Trees = freedom, forest = natural life, house = restrictions.
  4. Alliteration – “Sun shall shine”, “leaves and lacerations.”
  5. Enjambment – Sentences continue to the next line without pause.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. Where are the trees in the poem?
👉 The trees are inside the house, not in the forest.

Q2. Why do the trees want to go outside?
👉 Trees want to go outside because their natural home is the forest, not the closed house.

Q3. How do the roots and leaves try to escape?
👉 Roots work hard to free themselves, and leaves stretch out and press against the window glass to escape.

Q4. What happens at night in the poem?
👉 At night, the trees move silently out of the house into the forest.

Q5. What does the forest symbolize in the poem?
👉 The forest symbolizes freedom, natural habitat, and growth.

Q6. What is the central idea of the poem “The Trees”?
👉 The central idea is that freedom is necessary for growth. Trees (and people) cannot grow in confinement.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. How does the poet describe the movement of the trees?
👉 The poet describes the movement of trees as a struggle for freedom. Roots try to break away from the floor, leaves push the glass, and branches try to reach the sky. Finally, at night, the trees silently move into the forest to live freely.

Q2. What message does Adrienne Rich want to give through this poem?
👉 The poet wants to give the message that freedom is essential for survival. Trees cannot grow inside houses, just as humans cannot grow without freedom. Nature and living beings must live in their natural environment.

Q3. Explain the symbolism used in the poem “The Trees”.
👉 Trees symbolize all living beings who desire freedom. Forest symbolizes independence and natural growth, while the house symbolizes restrictions and captivity. The poem is not only about trees but also about human life and society.

Poem 9 – Fog (Carl Sandburg)

Summary (in English)

This is a very short but beautiful poem.

  • The poet compares fog with a cat.
  • Just like a cat comes quietly and sits silently, in the same way fog comes slowly and covers the city and harbour.
  • It stays there for some time, looking silently over the surroundings.
  • After that, it moves away slowly like a cat.

Central Idea – The poem shows how fog comes, stays, and goes silently. It teaches us to observe nature carefully and compare it with daily life.

Word Meanings

  1. Fog – mist, vapour (कोहरा)
  2. Harbour – a place for ships (बंदरगाह)
  3. Little cat feet – silent movement (बिल्ली के छोटे पैरों जैसी चाल)
  4. Sits looking – quietly watching (शांत बैठकर देखना)
  5. Moves on – goes away slowly (धीरे-धीरे आगे बढ़ना)

Literary Devices

  1. Metaphor – Fog is compared to a cat.
  2. Personification – Fog is given the qualities of a living being.
  3. Imagery – A clear picture of fog covering city and harbour.
  4. Symbolism – Fog = mystery of life, Cat = silence, patience.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. How does the fog come?
👉 The fog comes slowly, like a cat.

Q2. What does the fog do after coming?
👉 The fog sits silently, looking over the city and harbour.

Q3. How does the poet describe the movement of the fog?
👉 The poet describes it as the movement of a cat – silent, slow, and graceful.

Q4. What is the central idea of the poem “Fog”?
👉 The central idea is that fog comes silently, stays for some time, and goes away without noise.

Q5. Why has the fog been compared to a cat?
👉 Because both come silently, stay quietly, and then move away slowly.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. Write the summary of the poem “Fog.”
👉 The poem “Fog” by Carl Sandburg compares fog with a cat. The fog comes silently and covers the city and harbour. It stays for some time, watching everything quietly, and then slowly moves away like a cat. The poem gives us a beautiful picture of nature and teaches us to observe it carefully.

Q2. Explain the metaphor used in the poem “Fog.”
👉 The poet uses the metaphor of a cat to describe fog. Just like a cat comes silently, sits quietly, and then walks away without making noise, fog also appears quietly, stays for some time, and moves away slowly. This comparison makes the poem lively and easy to imagine.

Poem 10 – The Tale of Custard the Dragon (Ogden Nash)

Summary (in English)

This is a humorous and narrative poem.

  • It tells the story of a little girl Belinda who lived with her pets.
  • Her pets were:
    • A black kitten named Ink
    • A grey mouse named Blink
    • A yellow dog named Mustard
    • And a cowardly dragon named Custard
  • All the pets used to boast about their bravery, but Custard always wanted a safe cage because he was timid.
  • One day, a pirate with pistols and a sword attacked.
  • All the brave pets ran away in fear, but Custard the Dragon fought bravely, killed the pirate, and saved everyone.
  • After the danger was over, again all pets started boasting and Custard still remained humble.

Central Idea – True bravery is shown in action, not in words. Custard, though called coward, was the real hero.

Word Meanings

  1. Dragon – mythical monster (अजगर जैसा जीव)
  2. Mustard – Belinda’s brave yellow dog
  3. Ink – black kitten
  4. Blink – grey mouse
  5. Giggle – laugh softly (धीरे से हँसना)
  6. Percival – brave knight (वीर योद्धा)
  7. Tickled – touched lightly (गुदगुदाना)
  8. Clashed – struck together (टकराना)
  9. Pirate – sea-robber (समुद्री डाकू)
  10. Coward – timid person (कायर)

Literary Devices

  1. Humour & Irony – Pets boast of bravery but run away, while cowardly dragon becomes the hero.
  2. Rhyme Scheme – aabb in all stanzas.
  3. Alliteration – “Belinda is as brave as a barrel full of bears.”
  4. Imagery – Description of dragon, pirate, and fight.
  5. Repetition – “And the dragon, and the dragon...”
  6. Contrast – Between boasting pets and real brave Custard.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. Who were Belinda’s pets?
👉 Belinda had four pets – a black kitten (Ink), a grey mouse (Blink), a yellow dog (Mustard), and a dragon (Custard).

Q2. Why was Custard called a coward?
👉 Because he always cried for a safe cage and never boasted about bravery like other pets.

Q3. What did the pirate have with him?
👉 The pirate had pistols in his both hands and a sharp cutlass (sword).

Q4. Who saved Belinda from the pirate?
👉 Custard the Dragon fought bravely, killed the pirate, and saved Belinda.

Q5. What is the central idea of the poem?
👉 True bravery is shown in action, not in boasting. Custard, though timid, proved to be the real hero.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. Write the character sketch of Custard the Dragon.
👉 Custard was Belinda’s pet dragon. Everyone called him coward because he always wanted a safe cage. He never boasted of bravery. But when real danger came in the form of a pirate, Custard showed great courage. He fought bravely, killed the pirate, and saved everyone. He was humble even after his bravery. Thus, Custard was the true hero of the poem.

Q2. Explain the irony in the poem “The Tale of Custard the Dragon.”
👉 The irony is that the pets who always boasted about bravery (Ink, Blink, Mustard) ran away in real danger, while Custard, who was called coward, fought bravely and saved all. This shows that real courage is tested in action, not in words.

Q3. What lesson do we learn from this poem?
👉 We learn that we should not judge anyone by appearance or words. True bravery is shown when the situation demands. Actions are more important than words.

Poem 11 – For Anne Gregory (W. B. Yeats)

Summary (in English)

This is a short but meaningful poem.

  • The poet tells Anne Gregory, a young and beautiful girl, that men usually love women for their physical beauty, not for their inner qualities.
  • He says that if her hair turned a different colour, men might not love her the same way.
  • Anne replies that she can change her hair colour, but she wants someone to love her for her true inner self, not just her looks.
  • The poet concludes by saying that only God’s love is unconditional, because human beings often judge by appearance.

Central Idea – True love is based on inner qualities, not on physical beauty.

Word Meanings

  1. Yellow hair – Golden coloured hair (सुन्दर पीले बाल)
  2. Dye – Colour artificially (रंगना)
  3. Honey-coloured – Sweet golden shade (शहद जैसा रंग)
  4. Despair – Hopelessness (निराशा)
  5. Pilgrim soul – Inner qualities, true self (आध्यात्मिक आत्मा)
  6. Grieve – To feel sorrow (दुखी होना)

Literary Devices

  1. Metaphor – Hair colour is used as a symbol of physical beauty.
  2. Contrast – Outer beauty vs. inner self.
  3. Symbolism – Hair = external charm, Soul = true qualities.
  4. Alliteration – “Love you for yourself alone.”
  5. Imagery – Description of golden hair and changing its colour.

Important Questions with Answers

Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. What does the poet say about men’s love?
👉 The poet says that men usually love women for their physical beauty, not for their inner qualities.

Q2. What reply does Anne Gregory give?
👉 Anne Gregory says she can change her hair colour, but she wants someone to love her for her true self, not for her looks.

Q3. Who can love us for our inner qualities according to the poet?
👉 According to the poet, only God can love us for our true inner self.

Q4. What is the central idea of the poem “For Anne Gregory”?
👉 The central idea is that physical beauty is temporary, but true love should be for inner qualities.

Q5. Why does Anne say she can change her hair colour?
👉 She says this to prove that outer beauty is not permanent and should not be the reason for love.

Long Answer Type Questions (4–5 Marks)

Q1. What message does the poem “For Anne Gregory” give us?
👉 The poem gives us the message that true love should be based on inner beauty, not on physical appearance. Physical beauty is temporary and can change with time, but inner qualities are permanent. Only God loves us for our true self, while human beings often judge by appearance.

Q2. How does W. B. Yeats contrast physical beauty and inner qualities in the poem?
👉 The poet contrasts them by saying that men usually fall in love with physical charm like golden hair, but Anne Gregory wants love for her true soul. The poet concludes that only God loves unconditionally for inner qualities, not for outer looks.

Q3. Why does the poet refer to God’s love in the poem?
👉 The poet refers to God’s love to show that only God can love unconditionally, without caring about beauty or appearance. Human beings often fail in this regard.

Examples of Previous / Pre-board Questions (Poetry)

  1. Poem: A Tiger in the Zoo
    • Describe the way the tiger behaves in the cage.
    • How does the poet contrast the tiger in the zoo with a tiger in the jungle?
    • Explain the phrase “quiet rage.”
    • Extract based: Read these lines - “He should be lurking in shadow …” and answer questions.
  2. Poem: How to Tell Wild Animals
    • How does the poet use humour to describe wild animals?
    • What are the distinguishing features of the crocodile and the chameleon as given in the poem?
    • Short answer: What does the poem teach about judging animals?
  3. Poem: The Ball Poem
    • What lesson does the boy learn after he loses his ball?
    • Why is the loss of the ball more than just losing a toy?
    • Extract: “Loss is maybe the fire …” (or similar line) – questions on meaning and context.
  4. Poem: Amanda!
    • What restrictions does Amanda face?
    • How does imagination help Amanda escape her reality?
    • What is the significance of “Rapunzel” in the poem?
  5. Poem: Animals (Walt Whitman)
    • Why does the poet prefer animals over human beings?
    • What qualities of animals make them admirable?
    • Do you agree that humans have lost innocence? Justify with poem.
  6. Poem: The Trees (Adrienne Rich)
    • Describe how the trees try to escape the house.
    • What is the symbolic meaning of the “house” and the “forest”?
    • How does the poet show resistance in nature?
  7. Poem: Fog (Carl Sandburg)
    • How is the fog compared to a cat?
    • Why does the poet choose this metaphor – what impact does it have?
    • What is the mood of this poem? How is it created?
  8. Poem: The Tale of Custard the Dragon
    • Explain how Custard proves his bravery in the poem.
    • Write a character sketch of Custard.
    • What is the irony in the poem?
  9. Poem: For Anne Gregory
    • What does Anne Gregory want from love?
    • How does the poet portray superficiality vs. inner beauty?
    • Explain the role of “God” as used in the poem.

 

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Keywords for Class 10th Poems

  1. Class 10 English Poems Summary in Hindi

  2. RBSE Class 10 English Poetry Notes

  3. Class 10th English Poems Important Questions

  4. Flamingo Class 10 English Poems Explanation

  5. Class 10 English Poem Word Meanings

  6. Line by Line Summary of Class 10 Poems

  7. Class 10 English Poems Previous Year Questions

  8. Important Poetic Devices in Class 10 English Poems

  9. Class 10 English Poetry PDF Notes

  10. Target Classes Nohar Class 10 English Notes

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